AVIA 300 Quiz 2

AVIA 300 Quiz 2: Why do accidents happen

1. The purpose of accident investigation is to:
2. Why are recommendations crafted in accident reports?
3. Proactive safety is part of an evolution in thinking that increasingly relies MORE and MORE on accident investigation and LESS on technology and voluntary reporting to detect hazards and control risks before accidents occur.
4. This component of the 5-Factor model refers to aviation technology and has made substantial advances over the years.
5. What is the difference between proactive and predictive safety?
6. According to US Air Force guidance on causation theory, an accident finding can be considered a “cause” if it is: (select all that apply)
7. What factor is in the middle of the circle of the 5-Factor model?
8. Examples of real-world problems using Reason’s Swiss Cheese model would include the following: (select all that apply)
9. Reason’s model of accident causation focuses on understanding incidents and accidents and their contributing factors.
10. Aircraft Accidents are extremely complex, thus why do accident models (Swiss cheese model, SHELL model, 5-factor model) help to understand the how and why accidents happen?
11. strategies should be developed to reinforce defenses to human errors.
12. The “Swiss cheese,” SHELL, and 5-Factor models, all have one common element: the fact that accidents are caused by more than one factor, a core principle of accident theory called multi-causality.
13. This component of the SHELL model refers to the procedures, checklists, and training?
14. Describe in a few sentences, why is “liveware” in the center of the SHELL model?
15. This is the relationship between the human and other people in the workplace. Communication styles and techniques are important here. Crew Resource Management (CRM) training has made great strides in this area.
16. Within the SHELL model, which of the so-called “4 Ps” of human performance deal with personal issues or tension?
17. Accident investigators must seek out the _____ of the accident.
18. What is the trend of aviation safety management?
19. Failures normally arise in three distinct phases in the life of a component. Which failure is caused by inadequate design or manufacture, usually occur early in its life?
20. What are the methods that the NTSB classifies accidents?
21. The main goal of accident investigations is to establish the probable causes of accidents and to recommend control measures. Because most aviation accidents involve a complex maze of diverse events and causes, classifying or categorizing these accidents by type or cause gets quite complicated and involved.
22. What new technology will be available to the flight crews and controllers during the
    next decade that will allow clearances, weather, and traffic information to be provided on the flight deck in a fast, error-free, digital form?
23. The “Swiss Cheese” model is based on the concept that accidents have root causes that are often based on _____ actions or _____ of actions at the management levels of an organization.
24. has no purpose, is unpredictable, and uncontrollable, but yet can determine the outcome of an event both favorably and unfavorably.
25. The ________ (environment) in which aircraft operations take place, equipment is used, and personnel work directly affects safety.